VOCABULARY FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION

 VOCABULARY FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 

compiled by :

RP Mishra

Ashok Mishra 

Faculty GS & English 

Ak Education vns.02

SALUTARY

ˈसैल्‌यट्‌रि [adjective]

having a good effect on somebody/something, though often seeming unpleasant

अच्छा प्रभाव डालनेवाला; हितकारी

PRECIPITATE

प्रिˈसिपिटेट्‌ [verb]

1.to make something, especially something bad, happen suddenly or sooner than it should

किसी घटना को (विशेषतः प्रतिकूल घटना को) अचानक या समय से पूर्व घटित करना या होने देना

2.to suddenly force somebody/something into a particular state or condition

किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को अचानक किसी विशेष दशा या स्थिति में धकेल देना

Unsurprisingly, the rate hiking cycle by the US Federal Reserve has precipitated the dollar’s appreciation which has led the dollar index to strengthen by over 11% in 2022 so far, taking it to a 20-year high

LIE LOW

to try not to attract attention to yourself

चुपचाप रहना (कि आप पर ध्यान न जाए)

PALTRY

‍ˈपॉल्‌ट्रि [adjective]

too small to be considered important or useful इतना छोटा कि उसका न तो कुछ महत्व है और न उपयोगिता; तुच्‍छ, नगण्य

a paltry sum of money 

PARSIMONIOUS

/ˌpɑːsɪˈməʊnɪəs/[ adjective]

very unwilling to spend money or use resources.

"even the parsimonious Joe paid for drinks all round

MODICUM मॉडिकम्  [noun]

a very small amount, especially of something good and pleasant

थोड़ी मात्रा में (अच्छी तथा सुखद चीज़ें); अल्प

a modicum of success/luck

AETIOLOGY

ˌईटिऑलजि[ noun]

the scientific study of the causes of disease

रोगों के कारणों का अध्ययन करने वाला शास्‍त्र; रोगहेतु विज्ञान

LEEWAY

/ˈliːweɪ/ [noun]

1. the amount of freedom to move or act that is available.

"the government had greater leeway to introduce reforms"

2. the sideways drift of a ship to leeward of the desired course.

"the leeway is only about 2°"

FAR-FETCHED [adjective]

not easy to believe

अस्‍वाभाविक-सा, सहज विश्‍वसनीय नहीं, कष्‍ट-कल्पित

It’s a good book but the story’s too far-fetched.

PROCLIVITY

/prəˈklɪvɪti/ [noun]

a tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition towards a particular thing.

"a proclivity for hard work"

 STINT

स्टिन्‍ट्‌noun

a fixed period of time that you spend doing something

किसी काम को करने में लगी निशि्‍चत अवधि

He did a brief stint in the army after leaving school.He did a brief stint in the army after leaving school.

IN TANDEM

idiom

at the same time:

The heart and lungs will be transplanted in tandem.

Mr. Dhankhar was playing a partisan role in State politics, in tandem with the BJP. 

CLICHÉD

/ˈkliːʃeɪd/ adjective

showing a lack of originality; based on frequently repeated phrases or opinions.

POTENT पोट्‌न्‍ट्‌

adjective

strong or powerful

शक्तिशाली या प्रभावकारी

UNFAILINGLY

adverb

विश्‍वसनीय रूप से, बिना चूके

unfailingly loyal/polite 

IMPASSE

‍ˈऐम्‌पास्‌ noun

a difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the people involved cannot agree what to do

लोगों के सहमत न हो पाने से उत्‍पन्‍न कठिन स्थिति जिसमें बात या काम आगे न बढ़ सके; गतिरोध

to break/end the  break/end the impasse

ABYSMAL

अˈबिज़्‌मल्‌ [adjective]

very bad; of very poor quality

बहुत बुरा; बहुत घटिया प्रकार का

PANDEMONIUM

ˌपैन्‌डˈमोनिअम्‌ noun

a state of great noise and confusion

हुल्‍लड़बाज़ी, बहुत शोर और अव्‍यवस्‍था, भारी गड़बड़ी

TAPER OFF

phrasal verb  

to become gradually narrower at one end

• The Pakistan emissaries at the Murree talks had also informed the Indian side of their country’s intention to taper off their anti-India radio and TV programmes and to stop them altogether on a date to be fixed later.

PRAXIS

/ˈpraksɪs/ noun

1.practice, as distinguished from theory.

• "modern political praxis is now thoroughly permeated with a productivist ethos"

2.accepted practice or custom.

"patterns of Christian praxis in Church and society"

• It is the praxis of this new judicial device that can, perhaps, preserve the country’s democratic legacy.

VINDICTIVE

व़िन्ˈडिक्‌टिव़्‌ (adjective)

wanting or trying to hurt somebody without good reason

अकारण किसी को पीड़ित करने का इच्‍छुक या उसके लिए प्रयासरत; प्रतिकारी, अकारण-द्वेषी

SUBSERVE

/səbˈsəːv/ [verb]

help to further or promote.

"they extended the uses of writing to subserve their political interest"

THE DIE IS CAST

idiom

said when a situation is certain to develop in a particular way because decisions have been taken that cannot be changed:

From the moment the negotiations failed, the die was cast and war was inevitable.

REPERCUSSION

ˌरीपˈकश्‌न्‌ [noun]

an unpleasant effect or result of something you do (आपके किए का) दुष्‍प्रभाव या दुष्‍परिणाम

FOREBODING

फ़ॉˈबोडिङ्‌ [noun]

a strong feeling that danger or trouble is coming

अनिष्‍ट का प्रबल पूर्वाभास

She was suddenly filled with a sense of foreboding.

TINKER

‍ˈटिङ्‌क(र्‌) (verb)

to try to repair or improve something without having the proper skill or knowledge

बिना सही अभ्‍यास या जानकारी के किसी चीज़ की मरम्‍मत करने लगना; ठोका-पीटी

WANTONLY

adverb

 in a way that is intentional or shows no care about bad things that might result:

Their lives were brutally and wantonly cut short.

I will not hesitate to identify countries which repeatedly and wantonly violate international law.

CORNERSTONE

‍ˈकॉनस्‍टोन्‌

noun

1.a stone at the corner of the base of a building, often put there in a special ceremony

(भवन की) आधारशिला

2.the most important part of something that the rest depends on

किसी बात का सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण अंश जिस पर वह आधारित है; आधार

ON THE DRAWING BOARD

phrase of drawing board

(of an idea, scheme, or proposal) under consideration and not yet ready to put into practice.

"there are plans to enlarge the runway, but at present all this remains on the drawing board"

"Though still on the drawing board, the digital university is expected to offer any number, kind, and type of course without limits on intake, in a hybrid or ‘physical plus digital’ mode."

GIG ECONOMY [noun]

a labour market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs.

"working in the gig economy means constantly being subjected to last-minute scheduling"

BANKROLL (verb)

support (a person, organization, or project) financially.

"the project is bankrolled by wealthy expatriates"

• He is bankrolling his ego at the expense of both the Ukrainian and Russian people,” Johnson said.

IMPROMPTU

इम्‌ˈप्रॉम्‍प्‌ट्‌यू [adjective]

(done) without being prepared or organized

बिना तैयारी या व्‍यवस्‍था के (किया गया), आशु या तत्‍काल (आयोजित)

an impromptu party.

PRIMA FACIEˌप्राइम ˈफ़ेशि

LAW [adjective]

based on what appears to be true at first, even though it may be proved false later

प्रथम दृष्टया; प्रत्यक्ष; देखते ही; ज़ाहिरी तौर पर

NAYSAYER

/ˈneɪˌseɪə/ [noun] a person who criticizes, objects to, or opposes something.

"he continues to win, despite the many naysayers"

COUCH

काउच्‌ [verb]

to express a thought, idea, etc. in the way mentioned. विचारों, भावनाओं को अभीष्‍ट रूप में व्‍यक्त करना

• His reply was couched in very polite terms.

STEADFAST

‍ˈस्‍टे᠎̮ड्‌फ़ास्‍ट्‌ [adjective]

faithful and loyal; not changing in your attitudes or aims, विश्‍वसनीय एवं निष्‍ठावान, वफ़ादार; (अपने लक्ष्‍य या रूख़ में) स्थिर, अडिग, अटल

steadfast loyalty.

PALATABLE

ˈपैलटब्‌ल् [adjective]

1.(used about food or drink) with an agreeable or pleasant taste

(भोजन या पेय) रुचिकर गंध या स्वाद, स्वादिष्ट; मज़ेदार

2.(used about an idea, suggestion, action etc.) palatable to somebody acceptable, satisfactory

(सलाह, विचार, कार्य आदि) स्वीकार्य, संतोषजनक

FACE THE MUSIC 

to accept criticism or punishment for something you have done

HEAD OVER HEELS (in love)

 

completely in love

turning over completely in forward motion, as in a somersault.

STEAL A MARCH ON

If you steal a march on someone, you get an advantage over that person by acting before they do.

gain an advantage over (someone) by acting before they do.

• Our rival company managed to steal a march on us by bringing out their software ahead of ours.

AT/IN ONE FELL SWOOP 

If you do something at/in one fell swoop, you do it all at the same time.

with a single, quick action or effort

•  The court has dismissed all of the charges against him in one fell swoop.

• I got all my Christmas shopping done in one fell swoop.

RIDE ROUGHSHOD OVER 

 

to do what you want without giving any attention to other people or their wishes:

• They accused the government of riding roughshod over parliamentary procedure

UNPRECEDENTED

अन्ˈप्रे᠎̮सिडे᠎̮न्‌टिड्‌ [adjective]

never having happened or existed before

जो पहले घटित नहीं हुआ या जिसका अस्तित्‍व नहीं रहा; अभूतपूर्व

TENUOUS

‍ˈटे᠎̮न्‌युअस्‌ [adjective]

very weak or uncertain

बहुत कमज़ोर या अनिश्‍चित

BACKLASH

‍ˈबैक्‌लैश्‌ [noun]

a strong reaction against a political or social event or development

किसी सामाजिक या राजनीतिक घटना की तीव्र प्रतिक्रिया

DESPICABLE

डिˈस्पिकब्‌ल्‌ [adjective]

very unpleasant or evil

निंदनीय, जघन्‍य

RUN-IN

If you have a run-in with someone, you have a serious argument with them or you get into trouble with them:

Synonyms :quarrel, 

DIAMETRICALLY

 [adverb] 

completely:

The two politicians have diametrically opposite points of view/are diametrically opposed.

CRUX

क्रक्‍स्‌ [noun]

the most important or difficult part of a problem. किसी समस्‍या का सबसे कठिन या महत्वपूर्ण अंश

DÉMARCHE

noun [ C ]   formal (also demarche)

UK  /ˈdeɪ.mɑːʃ/ US  /deɪˈmɑːrʃ/

 

a course of action, especially a political one

PRESCIENT

ˈप्रेसिअन्‌ट् [adjective]

knowing or appearing to have knowledge about events before they take place

घटना की पूर्व जानकारी; भविष्यदर्शी

CONTIGUITY

ˌकॉन्‌टिˈग्‌यूअटि [noun]

the fact of being next to or touching another, usually similar, thing.

निकटता, समीपता; सान्निधय

ACQUIESCE

ˌऐक्विˈए᠎̮स्‌ [verb]

to accept something without argument, although you may not agree with it

बिना विरोध किए कुछ भी मानने को सहमत हो

to accept or agree to something, often unwillingly.

FAIT ACCOMPLIˌफ़ेट् अˈकॉम्‌प्‌लि

[noun]

something that has already happened in the past and cannot be changed now

जो पहले ही घटित हो चुका है तथा उसे बदला नहीं जा सकता; निष्पन्न कार्य; निर्विवाद तथ्य

RAVAGE ‍ˈरैव़िज्‌ [verb]

to damage something very badly; to destroy something

किसी चीज़ को बुरी तरह नुक़सान पहुँचाना; किसी वस्‍तु को नष्‍ट करना

Ex:"That Nadal has accumulated as many in Paris, in just 18 attempts and with an injury-ravaged body, is testament to his clay-court genius"

PENSIVE

ˈपेनसिव़् [adjective]

thinking deeply and quietly about something serious किसी गंभीर विषय पर गहराई से सोचना; विचार मग्न; विषादग्रस्त

EX: Nadal was pensive and pessimistic after his chronic left-foot injury forced him to limp out of the Rome Masters, a key preparatory event.

LIMP

लिम्‍प्‌ [verb]

to walk with difficulty because you have hurt your leg or foot

चोट के कारण लँगड़ाकर चलना, लँगड़ाना

noun

लँगड़ापन, लँगड़ी चाल

VALEDICTORY

ˌवै़लिˈडिक्‌टरि [adjective]

relating to saying goodbye, especially formally:

Ex:" his mood turned increasingly valedictory, with the pain-killing injections needed to keep his leg numb perhaps telling him that the end was near."

EUPHORIA

यूˈफ़ॉरिआ [noun]

an extremely strong feeling of happiness

प्रसन्‍नता का अतिरेक; उल्‍लासोन्‍माद

Ex : However, the fortnight ended in such euphoria, with a straight-set demolition of Norwegian Casper Ruud, that in the epitaph to Nadal’s incredible career, whenever written, his 14th triumph will be more than just a normal data point.

ALACRITY

अˈलैक्‌रटि [noun]

great willingness, eagerness or enthusiasm

अतिउत्साह, तत्परता, प्रफुल्लता

Ex:  It is possible that the Government chose to respond to Qatar with more alacrity as the Vice-President of India, M. Venkaiah Naidu, was beginning a three-day visit to the country.

RELAPSE

रिˈलैप्‍स्‌ [verb]

to become worse again after an improvement

सुधरने के बाद फिर से बिगड़ जाना; पुनरावर्तन

noun

पुनर्विकृति (स्‍वास्‍थ्‍य या आदत में)

SNOWBALL

‍ˈस्‍नोबॉल्‌[verb]

to quickly grow bigger and bigger or more and more important

तेज़ी से अधिकाधिक बढ़ना, फैलना या महत्वपूर्ण (एवं विचारणीय) हो जाना

Ex :"Government would have avoided the entire controversy if it had acted according to the law, and immediately engaged with the issue before it snowballed into an international incident."

FINIAL

/ˈfɪnɪəl, ˈfʌɪnɪəl/ [noun]

a distinctive section or ornament at the apex of a roof, canopy, etc. on a building.स्तूपिका

ENSEMBLE ऑन्ˈसॉम्‌ब्‌ल्‌ [noun]

1. a small group of musicians, dancers or actors who perform together

एक साथ कार्यक्रम प्रस्‍तुत करने वाले संगीतज्ञों, नर्तकों या अभिनेताओं की मंडली; कलाकार-मंडली

2.a number of things considered as a group a set of clothes that are worn together

कुछ वस्‍तुएँ जिनका एक समूह बनता है जैसे मेल खाने वाले कपड़ों का सेट

SUPERIMPOSE

ˌसूपरिम्‌ˈपोज़्‌ [verb]

to put something on top of something else so that what is underneath can still be seen

किसी वस्‍तु को दूसरी वस्‍तु पर अध्‍यारोपित करना

From this rises a finial (kalash) formed of superimposed gilded bulbs topped by a crescent. The pinnacle was regilded in 1874 by JW Alexander, Executive Engineer of the Public Works Department

GILDED

ˈगिल्‌डिड् [adjective]

1.covered with a thin layer of gold or   something that looks like gold

सोना या सोने जैसी दिखनेवाली वस्तु के पतले आवरण में ढका; सुनहरा

2. looking as if it is covered in gold

यह प्रतीत होना मानो सोने से ढका हुआ हो; भव्य

CRESCENT

‍ˈक्रे᠎̮स्‌न्‍ट्‌ [noun]

1. a curved shape that is pointed at both ends, like the moon in its first and last stages

अर्धचंद्र या चाप जैसी आकृति (जैसी द्वितीया और अंतिम तिथियों में चंद्रमा की होती है)

2. a street that is curved

चाप के आकार की सड़क

PINNACLE

‍ˈपिनक्‌ल्‌ [noun]

1.the most important or successful part of something, किसी का सर्वोत्कृष्ट भाग; शिखर, पराकाष्‍ठा

2.a high pointed rock on a mountain

पहाड़ पर ऊँची नुकीली चट्टान; शिखरिका

PLACEBO

/pləˈsiːbəʊ/ [noun]

a medicine or procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit to the patient rather than for any physiological effect.

a substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.

a measure designed merely to humour or placate someone.

IMMATERIAL

ˌइमˈटिअरिअल्‌ [adjective]

not important. महत्चहीन

EAT HUMBLE PIE 

to admit that you were wrong

NURTURE

‍ˈनच(र्‌) [verb]

1.to look after and protect somebody/something while he/she/it are growing and developing

बढ़ते बच्‍चों या पौधों आदि की देखभाल और रक्षा करना, पालना-पोसना

2. to encourage something to develop and to help it succeed

विकास और सफलता-प्राप्ति के लिए प्रोत्‍साहित करना

Ex : The BJP that has been nurturing ambitions to replace the BJD in the State. 

REVAMP

ˌरीˈव़ैम्‌प् [verb]

to change something in order to make it more attractive or more modern

अधिक आकर्षक या आधुनिक बनाने के लिए बदलाव लाना; नया रूप देना, नवीकरण करना.

Ex : The result has further strengthened the hands of Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, who revamped his Council of Ministers immediately after the victory.

CHAOS

‍ˈकेऑस्‌ [noun]

a state of great disorder; confusion

घोर अव्‍यवस्‍था; गड़बड़ी, अस्‍तव्‍यस्‍तता

HAVE AN AXE TO GRIND

 to have a strong personal opinion about something that you want people to accept and that is the reason why you do something.

BAD BLOOD [noun] [ U ]

feelings of hate between people because of arguments in the past:

SUBOPTIMAL

/sʌbˈɒptɪm(ə)l/ [adjective]

of less than the highest standard or quality.

NASCENT

ˈनैस्‌न्‌ट् [adjective]

beginning to exist; not yet completely developed

आरंभिक अवस्था, उदीयमान; विकासशील

ABOMINABLE

अˈबॉमिनब्‌ल्‌ [adjective]

very bad; shocking

बहुत बुरा; घिनौना

EXODUS

‍ˈइक्‌सडस्‌ [noun]

a situation in which many people leave a place at the same time

एक ही समय में बहुत-से लोगों का एक स्‍थान को छोड़ना; सामूहिक प्रस्‍थान, निर्गमन

PREDICAMENT

प्रिˈडिकमन्‍ट्‌ [noun]

an unpleasant and difficult situation that is hard to get out of

अप्रिय और कठिन स्थिति जिससे बाहर निकलना कठिन हो

DETRITUS

डिˈट्राइटस्‌TECHNICAL[noun] 

natural waste material that is left after something has been used or broken up,किसी वस्‍तु के उपयोग में आने या टूटने के बाद प्राकृतिक प्रक्रिया से बना मलबा

CHOPPY

ˈचॉपि [adjective]

(used about the sea) having a lot of small waves, slightly rough

(समुद्र) लहरों भरा और कुछ अशांत

WOE

वो [noun]

1.the problems that somebody has

परेशानी, मुसीबत, संकट

2.OLD-FASHIONED

great unhappiness

घोर कष्‍ट, दुख, घनी पीड़ा

Ex:"the latest numbers show India is emerging out of the tunnel of pandemic-induced woes." 

STEADY

‍ˈस्‍टे᠎̮डि [adjective]

1.developing, growing or happening gradually and at a regular rate

नियमित गति से और क्रमशः विकसित होता, बढ़ता और घटित होता हुआ

2.staying the same; not changing and therefore safe

स्थिर और तदेव; अपरिवर्तित और (इसलिए) सुरक्षित

EVOKE

इˈव़ोक्‌ [verb]

to produce a memory, feeling, etc. in somebody.(किसी में) स्‍मृति, अनुभूति आदि को जगाना

Ex : "evoking flashbacks of the 2019-20 slowdown and raising concerns about the trajectory going forward."

FLARE UP

1.(used about a fire) to suddenly burn more strongly (आग का) एकाएक भड़कना

2.(used about violence, anger, etc.) to start suddenly or to become suddenly worse (हिंसा, क्रोध आदि का) एकाएक भड़क उठना या बदतर हो जाना

Ex:Worse, as inflation flared up, households’ consumption growth has steadily dropped through 2021-22,

The recent decision of the Supreme Court of India in the case of A.G. Perarivalan and the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case has stirred up a hornet’s nest for its constitutional righteousness and establishing its supremacy as the final arbiter of enforcing constitutional discipline.

RIGHTEOUSNESS

[Noun]

morally correct behaviour , or a feeling that you are behaving in a morally correct way.

EXPONENTIAL [adjective]

An exponential rate of increase becomes quicker and quicker as the thing that increases becomes larger.

Ex: "the use of the Aadhaar card and the number for various purposes today has only multiplied exponentially[तेजी से]"

RIFE

राइफ़्‌ [adjective]

(used especially about bad things) very common

(विशेषतः बुरी बातें) फैली हुई; बहुविदित, सर्वविदित

Ex:The Internet is rife with leaked data and this poses a major threat to user privacy.

AMBIVALENT

ऐम्‌ˈबिव़लन्‍ट्‌ [adjective]

having or showing a mixture of feelings or opinions about something or somebody

मिश्रित या मिली-जुली भावनाओं से युक्त; उभयमुख

having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel.

Ex:"The UIDAI has, however, been ambivalent about the inherent dangers in the indiscriminate use of the Aadhaar number

BIZARRE

बिˈज़ा(र्)‌ [adjective]

very strange or unusual

अत्‍यधिक अनोखा, विचित्र या असामान्‍य

Ex: In a bizarre reversal on Sunday, the Union government withdrew a notification

INDISCRIMINATE

ˌइन्‌डिˈस्क्रिमिनट्‌ [adjective]

done or acting without making sensible judgement or caring about the possible harmful effects

सम्भावित हानिकारक प्रभाव पर विचार किए बग़ैर किया गया, लापरवाह; विवेकहीन, नासमझ

INHERENT

इन्ˈहिअरन्‍ट्‌ [adjective]

that is a basic or permanent part of somebody/something and that cannot be removed

व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु का मूलवर्ती या स्‍थायी अंश; अंतर्निहित

CONTRADICTION

ˌकॉन्‌ट्रˈडिक्‌श्‌न्‌ [noun]

a statement, fact or action that is opposite to or different from another one. खंडन या विरोध (कथन, तथ्‍य या कार्य के रूप में); प्रतिवाद

EX:There seems to be a contradiction of views within the authority on the issue of potential misuse of the Aadhaar number.

MISSIONARY ZEAL [noun]

extreme enthusiasm

DOWNPLAY

/daʊnˈpleɪ/[verb]

make (something) appear less important than it really is.

Ex: Yet, on the other, it has sought to universalise the open use of the Aadhaar as an identity document with missionary zeal and has downplayed the risks of doing so

CRACK DOWN— [phrasal verb]  

to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way.

to take strong action to stop something.

Ex: -Aadhaar numbers are issued and utilised even as law enforcement agencies crack down on data leaks and websites carrying unmasked Aadhaar-related information.

SKEWED

स्कयूड् [adjective]

1.(used about information) not exact or correct because it has been affected by something or all the facts are not known

(सूचना के लिए प्रयुक्त) सही नहीं (किसी से प्रभावित होने के कारण या तथ्यों के अभाव में)

Ex:This skewed statistic must change because public service offers a unique opportunity to bring about social change 

TRAILBLAZER

ˈट्रेल्‌ब्‌लेज़(र्) [noun]

a person who is the first to discover something or do something and so makes it possible for other people to follow

किसी चीज़ का सबसे पहले पता लगाने या करनेवाला; अग्रणी; मार्गदर्शक

Ex: If three women are at the top today, they have a lot to thank trailblazers such as Anna Rajam Malhotra (née George), the first woman to join the Indian Administrative Service in 1951

VANTAGE POINT‍

ˈव़ान्‌टिज्‌ पॉइन्‍ट्‌ [noun]

a place from which you have a good view of something

स्‍थान जहाँ से कोई वस्‍तु अच्‍छी तरह दिखाई दे; अनुकूल प्रेक्षण-स्‍थान

Ex: India, giving her a vantage point over issues including women’s health, literacy, economic independence,"

CYNICAL [adjective]

हरेक को स्‍वार्थी समझने वाला

believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere.

used to say that someone's feelings or emotions are used to your own advantage

BOISTEROUS

‍ˈबॉइस्‌टरस्‌ [adjective]

 (used about a person or behaviour) noisy and full of energy

(व्‍यक्ति या उसका व्‍यवहार) ऊधमी, शोरगुल मचाने वाला किंतु प्रसन्‍नचित्त

Ex: "Rarely has a political party abandoned a set of principles within days of announcing it with such boisterous aplomb and self-righteousness as the Congress has done in this case."

APLOMB [noun]

/əˈplɒm/

self-confidence or assurance, especially when in a demanding situation.

confidence and style.

SOBRIETY

सˈब्‌राइअटि [noun]

1.the state of being sober (=not drunk)

संयम की अवस्था (न कि नशे में), संजीदगी

2.the quality of being serious and sensible. गंभीर एवं समझदार…

SHODDY [adjective]

badly and carelessly made, using low quality materials.

लापरवाही या घटिया माल से बना,बेईमानी भरा या अनुचित

Ex: Shoddy investigation is one thing, but a malicious and motivated probe is quite another.

MALICIOUS

मˈलिशस्‌ [adjective]

विद्वेषी, दुर्भावनाशील. intended to harm or upset other people.

SENSATIONAL

से᠎̮न्ˈसेशन्‌ल्‌ [adjective]

1.causing, or trying to cause, a feeling of great excitement, surprise or interest among people. सनसनीख़ेज़ (सनसनी पैदा करने या पैदा करने की कोशिश करते हुए)

extremely good or beautiful; very exciting.बहुत अच्‍छा या सुंदर; अति उत्तेजक.

Ex: Even though nothing was seized from 

Mr. Khan, the agency made sensational claims in court about his being part of an international drug trafficking network and, quite strangely, cited messages purportedly exchanged on WhatsApp as ‘evidence’.

PURPORTEDLY

/pəˈpɔːtɪdli/ [adverb]

as appears or is stated to be true, though not necessarily so; allegedly.

SOBERING

‍ˈसोबरिङ्‌ [adjective]

making you feel serious

सोचने के लिए विवश करने वाला

making you feel serious or think about serious matters

Ex: It is a sobering thought to note that even people with celebrity status and vast resources are not insulated from the misuse of police powers.

ABERRATION

ˌऐबˈरेश्‌न्‌ [noun]

a fact, an action or a way of behaving that is not typical, and that may be unacceptable

कोई तथ्‍य, कार्य या व्‍यवहार जो सामान्‍य से हटकर हो और जो अस्‍वीकार्य हो सकता हो

 Ex : From businesses’ viewpoint, there are just too many tax rate slabs, compounded by aberrations in the duty structure through their supply chains with some inputs taxed more than the final product

ACRIMONY

‍ˈऐक्‌रिमनि [noun]

angry and bitter feelings or words

क्रोधयुक्त और कटु भावनाएँ या शब्‍द

Ex: have prompted another round of acrimony between liberals and conservatives on the need for tighter gun control laws.

SKETCHY

‍ˈस्‍के᠎̮चि्‌ [adjective]

not having many or enough details

जिसमें अधिक या पर्याप्त ब्‍योरे न हों; रूपरेखात्‍मक

Ex: U.S. President Joe Biden wasted no time in condemning the attack but was sketchy on details regarding what legislation or executive actions he hoped to push forward.

BUDGE

बज्‌ [verb]

1.to move or make something move a little.किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु का मामूली-सा हिलना; किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को हिलाना; सरकना; सरकाना

2.to change or make somebody change a firm opinion

दृढ़ विचार को बदलना या बदलवाना

Ex: Republican lawmakers’ refusal to budge on their view regarding their constitutional right to bear arms.

PENCHANT

ˈपाँशाँ [noun]

something that you like very much to do. अत्यधिक रुचि; झुकाव; विशेष रुचि

CHEQUERED [adjective]

having had both successful and unsuccessful periods in your past

अतीत में सफल और असफल दोनों अवधियां

having a pattern of squares in two or more colours.

Ex: "Malik’s chequered past includes serious charges of being involved in the killing of Indian Air Force officers in 1990"

ABJURE

अब्ˈजुअ(र्) [verb]

to promise publicly or formally that you will give up or not accept a belief or a way of behaving

औपचारिक अथवा सार्वजनिक रूप से (मत अथवा आचरण) का सशपथ त्याग करना; शपथ लेकर त्याग करना, छोड़ने की शपथ लेना

Ex: It is another matter if Malik, who claims to have abjured violence and has been part of several parleys with the Indian government in peace talks since the mid-1990s.

PARLEY

ˈपालि

OLD-FASHIONED [noun]

a discussion or meeting between two groups of people who disagree, in order to try and find a way of solving a problem(समझौता आदि के लिए) विशेषकर विरोधी पक्षों के बीच बातचीत या विचार विमर्श; सुलह की बातचीत; संधिवार्ता

verb

OLD-FASHIONED

to discuss something with somebody in order to solve a disagreement

मतभेद दूर करने के लिए विचार विमर्श करना; संधिवार्ता करना

A FOREGONE CONCLUSION

[phrase]

noun: 

a result that can be predicted with certainty.

a result that is obvious to everyone even before it happens.

ऐसा परिणाम जो होने से पहले ही सभी के लिए स्पष्ट हो.

DOGGEDLY [adverb]

दृढ़तापूवर्क

in a very determined way, even if something is very difficult:

Ex: "it was a foregone conclusion that the charges against Malik would have been doggedly pursued."

UPTICK [noun]

/ˈʌptɪk/

a small increase or slight upward trend. इजाफा

HAM-HANDED

[adjective]

doing things in an awkward or unskilled way when using the hands or dealing with people.

हाथों का उपयोग करते समय या लोगों के साथ व्यवहार करते समय चीजों को अजीब या अकुशल तरीके से करना:

Ex: "its bifurcation into two Union Territories and loss of statehood, besides the ham-handed approach to achieve a politically suitable delimitation of electoral constituencies."

RESUSCITATE

रिˈससिटेट्‌ [verb]

to bring somebody who has stopped breathing back to life

(लगभग निष्‍प्राण हो चुके व्यक्ति को) पुनः होश में लाना या जीवित करना

Ex: "It is up to the Union Government to resuscitate confidence-building measures in the Union Territory."

SENSITIZE

ˈसेन्‌सटाइज़् [verb]

1.to make somebody/something more aware of something, especially about a problem

(विशेषकर किसी समस्या के प्रति) अधिक सचेत करना; सुग्राही बनाना

2. to make somebody/something sensitive to physical or chemical changes, or to a particular substance

पदार्थ विशेष या रासायनिक तथा भौतिक परिवर्तनों के प्रति संवेदनशील बनाना

Ex : The Court’s general observations should help sensitise the police, media and society toward sex workers, who have generally been invisible and voiceless.

DISCORDANT

डिस्‌ˈकॉडन्‍ट्‌[ adjective]

that spoils a general feeling of agreement, बेमेल, असंगत

Ex: "that it would not bring a closure to the most discordant chapter in India’s interfaith history."

UNNERVING [adjective]

घबराहट में डाल देने वाला; हतोत्‍साहकारी

making someone feel less confident and slightly frightened.

Ex:"one of the many unnerving post-demolition slogans since 1992 was,"

METONYM

/ˈmɛtənɪm/ [noun]

a word, name, or expression used as a substitute for something else with which it is closely associated

किसी अन्य चीज़ के विकल्प के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला शब्द, नाम या अभिव्यक्ति जिसके साथ यह निकटता से जुड़ा हुआ है

Ex: "Kashi and Mathura being metonyms for the Gyanvapi mosque in Varanasi and the Shahi Idgah mosque in Mathura, respectively."

LEGITIMACY

लिˈजिटिमसि [noun]

वैधता, तर्कसंगति.the quality of being legal 

Ex: "According to Eaton, ruling dynasties in those days derived legitimacy from state deities (rashtra devta) installed in royal temples."

KNOCK-ON EFFECT [noun]

a secondary, indirect, or cumulative effect.

When an event or situation has a knock-on effect, it causes other events or situations, but not directly.

Ex:"its knock-on effects on commodity and input prices, fuelling inflationary pressures and impacting global supply chains"

LINGERING [adjective]

Lasting a long time 

लंबे समय तक चलने वाला

Ex: "lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that spotlighted deficiencies in public health infrastructure"

BELLIGERENCE [noun]

The wish to fight or argue.

aggressive or warlike behaviour

लड़ने या बहस करने की इच्छा।

 आक्रामक या जंगी व्यवहार

Ex:"Prime Minister Fumio Kishida were blunt in their condemnation of Russia’s belligerence"

CHAMPION [ verb]

to support, defend, or fight for a person, belief, right, or principle enthusiastically.

किसी दल या विचार का प्रबल समर्थन करना या उसके लिए संघर्ष करना

Ex: "championing adherence to international law as reflected in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and in maintaining freedom of navigation and overflight"

MANOEUVRE

मˈनूव़(र्‌) [noun]

a movement that needs care or skill

सावधानी या कुशलता की अपेक्षा वाली क्रिया

something clever that you do in order to win something, trick somebody, etc.

कुछ हासिल करने, किसी को ठगने आदि के लिए चालाकी भरी हरकत; चालबाज़ी

HEGEMONICˌहे᠎̮जिˈमॉनिक्‌

आधिपत्‍य-विषयक)

strong and powerful and therefore able to control others, or relating to the idea that a country is like this.

मजबूत और शक्तिशाली और इसलिए दूसरों को नियंत्रित करने में सक्षम, या इस विचार से संबंधित है कि एक देश ऐसा है

POLE POSITION

[Noun]

the leading or best possible position.

the most favourable position at the start of a motor race.

Ex: "the Quad is in pole position to shape economic alliances and regional security architecture towards a new world order based on national interest and realpolitik."

PRAGMATISM

‍ˈप्रैग्‌मटिज़म्‌ [noun]

thinking about solving problems in a practical and sensible way rather than by having fixed ideas.

व्‍यावहारिकता, यथार्थवादिता (न कि सिद्घांतप्रियता)

GROUNDSWELL

/ˈɡraʊn(d)ˌswɛl/ [noun]

1.an increase in a particular opinion among a large section of the population.

"a groundswell of opposition developed"

2.a large or extensive swell in the sea.

CLARION CALL

(Noun) [phrase]

a very clear message or instruction about what action is needed

क्या कार्रवाई की आवश्यकता है इसके बारे में एक बहुत स्पष्ट संदेश या निर्देश

a strongly expressed demand or request for action.

कार्रवाई के लिए दृढ़ता से व्यक्त की गई मांग या अनुरोध।

SCOURGE

स्‍कज्‌ [noun]

a person or thing that causes a lot of trouble or suffering.

महाकष्‍ट या विपत्ति का कारण व्यक्ति या वस्‍तु.

PLAUDITS

ˈप्‌लॉडिट्स् [noun]

praise and approval, प्रशंसा; स्वीकृति; शाबाशी; वाहवाही

ESPRIT DE CORPS

/ɛˌspriː də ˈkɔː,French ɛspʀi də kɔʀ/

[noun]

a feeling of pride and mutual loyalty shared by the members of a group.

एक समूह के सदस्यों द्वारा साझा किए गए गर्व और आपसी वफादारी की भावना।

Ex:"they developed some esprit de corps through athletics competitions"

UNDYING

अन्ˈडाइइङ् [adjective]

lasting forever शाश्‍वत, अमर; अंतहीन, अनंत; नित्य

RIVETING

[adjective]

रुचिपूर्ण, रुचिकर

extremely interesting

QUAINT

क्‍वेन्‍ट्‌ [adjective]

attractive or unusual because it seems to belong to the past, आकर्षक या अनूठा (अतीत की वस्‍तु होने के कारण), अनोखा

POIGNANTLY [adverb]

मार्मिक रूप से.in a way that causes or has a very sharp feeling of sadness

SEMINAL [adjective] (IMPORTANT)

containing important new ideas and having a great influence on later work

(used about an article, book, etc.) original, important and having great influence on future developments

(लेखक, पुस्तक आदि के लिए प्रयुक्त) मौलिक, महत्वपूर्ण तथा भविष्य की घटनाओं पर गहरा प्रभाव डालनेवाला

PAINSTAKING

‍ˈपेन्‍ज़्‌टेकिङ्‌ [adjective]

very careful and taking a long time and effort.अत्‍यधिक सावधानी से लंबी अवधि में व परिश्रम द्वारा किया गया; अध्यवसायी

IMPECCABLE

इम्‌ˈपे᠎̮कब्‌ल्‌ [adjective]

without any mistakes or faults; perfect

निर्दोष, त्रुटिहीन; परिपूर्ण

GRIPPING

‍ˈग्रिपिङ्‌ [adjective]

exciting; holding your attention

उत्तेजक, रोमांचक; ध्‍यान को बाँध लेने वाली

BATMAN

/ˈbatmən/ [noun]

(in the British armed forces) an officer's personal servant.

ANNALS

‍ˈऐन्‌ल्‍ज़्‌ [noun]

an official record of events or activities year by year; historical records

घटनाओं या गतिविधियों का आधिकारिक वार्षिक विवरण; ऐतिहासिक अभिलेख

FERVOUR

‍ˈफ़व़(र्‌) [noun]

very strong feelings about something; enthusiasm, किसी विषय पर गहरी व प्रबल भावनाएँ; जोश, उत्‍साह

CHILLING

‍ˈचिलिङ्‌ [adjective]

frightening भयानक, डरावना

INDOCTRINATE

इन्ˈडॉक्‌ट्रिनेट्‌ [verb]

to force somebody to accept particular beliefs without considering others.

किसी को विशेष मान्‍यताओं को मानने के लिए बाध्‍य करना, मतारोपण करना.

PORTEND 

पॉˈटेन्‌ड् [verb] -to be a sign of a future event, especially an unpleasant one

(अप्रिय, अवांछित घटना आदि की) पूर्वसूचना देना; पूर्वाभास होना

DISOWN

डिस्‌ˈओन्‌ [verb]

to say that you no longer want to be connected with or responsible for somebody/something (किसी को) अपनाने से इनकार कर देना

CUT NO ICE WITH 

to not cause someone to change their opinion or decision.

UPSURGE

‍ˈअप्‌सज़्‌ [noun] -a sudden increase of something किसी चीज़ में एकाएक होने वाली वृद्धि, उमड़, लहर

NIHILISTIC

/nʌɪ(h)ɪˈlɪstɪk/ [adjective]

rejecting all religious and moral principles in the belief that life is meaningless.जीवन व्यर्थ है इस विश्वास में सभी धार्मिक और नैतिक सिद्धांतों को खारिज करना।

connected with a belief that all political and religious organizations are bad, or a system of thought that says that there are no principles or beliefs that have any meaning or can be true.

UNMISTAKABLE

ˌअन्‌मिˈस्‍टेकब्‌ल्‌ [adjective]

that cannot be confused with anything else; easy to recognize, भ्रमरहित, स्‍पष्‍ट; आसानी से पहचाना जाने वाला

ANGST

ऐङ्‌स्‍ट्‌ [noun]

a feeling of anxiety and worry about a situation or about your life

स्थिति या जीवन के बारे में चिंता और व्‍याकुलता की भावना

EXTREMIST

इक्‌ˈस्‍ट्रीमिस्‍ट्‌ [noun] -a person who has extreme political opinions, उग्र राजनीतिक विचारों वाला व्‍यक्ति; अतिवादी, चरमपंथी

FUTILE

‍ˈफ़्यूटाइल्‌ [adjective]

(used about an action) having no success; useless (कार्रवाई) असफल; व्‍यर्थ

DEVIOUS

‍ˈडीव़िअस्‌ [adjective]

clever but not honest or direct

चालबाज़, छली

EXPEDIENCY

-अन्‌सि [noun]

उपयुक्तता, समयोचितता

the quality or state of being suited to the end in view : SUITABILITY, FITNESS

AMBIGUITY

ˌऐम्‌बिˈग्‍यूअटि [noun]

the possibility of being understood in more than one way; something that can be understood in more than one way, अनेकार्थता की स्थिति; अस्‍पष्‍टता

PROVOCATIVE

प्रˈव़ॉकटिव़्‌ [adjective]

1.intended to make somebody angry or upset or to cause an argument

किसी को क्रोधित या नाराज़ या विवाद में घसीटने की मंशा से किया गया; भड़काऊ

2.intended to cause sexual excitement

कामोत्तेजक

SHORE UP [phrasal verb ]

to make something stronger by supporting it.

PERISH

‍ˈपे᠎̮रिश्‌ [verb]- to die or be destroyed

मर जाना या नष्‍ट हो जाना

STAMP OUT

[phrasal verb ]

1.suppress or put an end to something by taking decisive action.

2.extinguish a fire by stamping on it.

CLAMPDOWN

‍ˈक्‍लैम्‍प्‌डाउन्‌ [noun]

strong action to stop or control something

रोकथाम या नियंत्रण के लिए कड़ी कार्रवाई

PROLIFERATION

प्रˌलिफ़ˈरेश्‌न्‌ [noun]

त्‍वरित संख्‍या-वृद्धि, संख्‍या में तेज़ी से बढ़ोतरी; बहुजनन, प्रफलन

the fact of something increasing a lot and suddenly in number or amount:

CONSTRUAL [noun]

the way a person understands the world or a particular situation.

In social psychology, a construal is a way that people perceive, comprehend, and interpret their world, particularly the acts of others toward them.

OVERRIDE

ˌओव़ˈराइड्‌ [verb]

1.to use your authority to reject somebody’s decision, order, etc.

अपने अधिकार से किसी निर्णय, आदेश आदि को अस्‍वीकार कर देना

UNVEIL

ˌअन्ˈव़ेल्‌ [verb]

to show something new to the public for the first time

सार्वजनिक रूप से किसी वस्‍तु को प्रथम बार प्रदर्शित करना, किसी वस्‍तु का अनावरण करना

TOUT

टाउट्‌ [verb]

1.to try to persuade people that somebody/something is important or valuable by praising them/it

प्रशंसा द्वारा किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को महत्वपूर्ण और बहुमूल्‍य बताकर लोगों को फुसलाना या सहमत करना

2. to try to persuade people to buy certain goods or services, especially by going to them and asking them directly

जन साधारण के बीच जा कर ग्राहक जुटाना (प्रायः अपने माल और सेवाओं के लिए)

PROSPERITY

प्रॉˈस्‍पे᠎̮रटि [noun]

the state of being successful, especially with money

समृद्धि (धन की दृष्टि से)

INITIATIVE

इˈनिशटिव़्‌ [noun]

Good

1.official action that is taken to solve a problem or improve a situation

समस्‍या के समाधान या स्थिति में सुधार के लिए की गई आधिकारिक कार्रवाई; पहल

the ability to see and do what is necessary without waiting for somebody to tell you

आवश्‍यक उपाय कर लेने की निजी योग्‍यता या कल्‍पनाशक्ति

SUBSTANTIAL

सब्ˈस्‍टैन्‌श्‌ल्‌ [adjective]

1.large in amount

मात्रा में बड़ा या अधिक, अच्‍छा-ख़ासा; प्रचुर

2. large or strong

बड़ा या मज़बूत

CONTOUR

‍ˈकॉन्‌टुअ(र्‌) [noun]

1.the shape of the outer surface of something किसी वस्‍तु की बाह्य आकृति; रूपरेखा

2. a line on a map joining places of equal height

मानचित्र पर समान ऊँचाई के स्‍थानों को मिलाने वाली रेखा; कंटूर, परिरेखा

OUTLIER

noun [ C ] 

a person, thing, or fact that is very different from other people, things, or facts, so that it cannot be used to draw general conclusions:

a place that is far from the main part of something.

 

a fact, figure, piece of data, etc. that is very different from all the others in a set and does not seem to fit the same pattern:

PECKING ORDER

[noun ]

• an informal social system in which some people or groups know they are more or less important than others

• the order of importance of people in a group:

• the level of importance of people in a social group, at work, etc:

TRICKLE-DOWN

adjective [ before noun ]

used to refer to a situation in which something that starts in the high parts of a system spreads to the whole of the system

Economics

relating to the idea that poor people experience positive effects when rich people get richer and spend more money:

CRESCENDO

क्रˈशे᠎̮न्‌डो [noun]

a noise or piece of music that gets louder and louder

(संगीत या ध्वनि) आरोह या उत्‍कर्ष स्‍वर

UNPRECEDENTED

अन्ˈप्रे᠎̮सिडे᠎̮न्‌टिड्‌ [adjective]

never having happened or existed before

जो पहले घटित नहीं हुआ या जिसका अस्तित्‍व नहीं रहा; अभूतपूर्व

POUR IN-to arrive in overwhelming numbers or quantity

Tv