What is west Nile Virus?

What is west Nile Virus?

The West Nile Virus is a mosquito-borne, single-stranded RNA virus. According to the WHO, it is “a member of the flavivirus genus and belongs to the Japanese Encephalitis antigenic complex of the family Flaviviridae”. Culex species of mosquitoes act as the principal vectors for transmission. It is transmitted by infected mosquitoes between and among humans and animals, including birds, which are the reservoir host of the virus.

The virus was first isolated in a woman in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937. It was identified in birds (crows and columbiformes like doves and pigeons) in the Nile delta region in 1953. Before 1997, WNV was not considered pathogenic for birds, but then, a more virulent strain caused the death in Israel of different bird species, presenting signs of encephalitis and paralysis.

वीपीएन क्या है? What is a VPN?

वीपीएन क्या है?

What is a VPN?

  एक निजी नेटवर्क जो वस्तुतः तब बनता है जब आप वेब पर सर्फ करते हैं।  हर बार जब आप अपने वीपीएन कनेक्शन पर स्विच करते हैं, तो एक सुरक्षित चैनल बनाया जाता है, जो आपके डिवाइस और गंतव्य वेबपेज के बीच मध्यस्थ के रूप में कार्य करता है।  आपका डेटा तब एक बाहरी वीपीएन सर्वर को भेजा जाता है, जो तब आपको आपके गंतव्य से जोड़ता है।

 हालांकि, जब वीपीएन सर्वर ऐसा करता है, तो आपका आईपी पता, जो एक उपयोगकर्ता-विशिष्ट डाक कोड के ऑनलाइन समकक्ष होता है, बदल दिया जाता है - और इस प्रकार वेबसाइटें आपके स्थान को सटीक रूप से ट्रैक करने में असमर्थ होती हैं।  यह निजी नेटवर्क ऑनलाइन सुरक्षा को बढ़ावा देता है और वेब पर आपकी संपूर्ण गोपनीयता को बढ़ाता है।

वीपीएन कनेक्शन के बिना, वेबसाइटें आपका आईपी पता देख सकती हैं, और इसका उपयोग आपकी पहचान और स्थान की सही पहचान करने के लिए कर सकती हैं। 

 वीपीएन सरकार से लेकर साइबर अपराधियों तक सभी को आपको आसानी से ट्रैक करने से रोकेगा। वीपीएन का उपयोग करने से आपकी ऑनलाइन गतिविधि आपके आईपी पते से अलग हो सकती है। एक वीपीएन आपके इंटरनेट ट्रैफ़िक की सुरक्षा भी करेगा, इसे पूरे समय एन्क्रिप्टेड रखेगा।

लोकेशन स्पूफिंग: लोगों द्वारा वीपीएन का उपयोग करने का एक अन्य सामान्य कारण भू-प्रतिबंधों ( georestrictions) से बचना है।

कई देश विभिन्न वेबसाइटों तक पहुंच को अवरुद्ध करते हैं, जिन पर आप नहीं जा सकते यदि आप उन देशों से हैं। एक वीपीएन आपको ऐसे प्रतिबंधों को बायपास करने की अनुमति देता है।

 याद रखें कि वीपीएन सेवा प्रदाता  कंपनी  यह  जानती है कि आप किन वेबसाइटों पर जा रहे हैं। इसलिए, अपने प्रदाता पर भरोसा करना महत्वपूर्ण है। मुफ्त वीपीएन ऐप और सेवाएं अक्सर आपको कम गति तक सीमित कर देती हैं और आपके डेटा का दुरुपयोग या बिक्री कर सकती हैं।

Enlightenment

Enlightenment

At age 35, Siddhartha Gautama began to meditate under a Bodhi tree on the outskirts of the town of Gaya, situated in the realm of Bimbisara, the king of Magadha. On the 49th day of continuous meditation, he is said to have achieved Enlightenment and understood the cause of suffering in the world. Siddhartha became The Buddha, the Enlightened One.Bodh Gaya is today one of the four great Buddhist pilgrimages, the others being Lumbini, where The Buddha was born, Sarnath near Varanasi, where he gave his first sermon, and Kushinagar, where he died (or attained Mahaparinirvana). 

Note:Lumbini was forgotten for many centuries, until it was rediscovered in 1896, and excavations were conducted at the site.

Article 142 of the Constitution

Article 142 of the Constitution

Subsection 1 of Article 142 ("Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.") says "the Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it, and any decree so passed or order so made shall be enforceable throughout the territory of India in such manner as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament and, until provision in that behalf is so made, in such manner as the President may by order prescribe."

Types of Drama

Types of Drama

Dramatic performances are generally classified into specific categories according to the mood, tone and actions depicted in the plot.Some popular types of drama include

Comedy

Lighter in tone, comedies are intended to make the audience laugh and usually have happy endings. Comedies place off-beat characters in unusual situations causing them to do and say funny things. Comedy can also be sarcastic in nature, poking fun at serious topics. There are also several sub-genres of comedy, including romantic comedy, sentimental comedy, a comedy of manners and tragic comedy.

Tragedy

Based on darker themes, tragedies portray serious subjects like death, disaster and human suffering in a dignified and thought-provoking way. Rarely enjoying happy endings, characters in tragedies, like Shakespeare's Hamlet, are often burdened by tragic character flaws that ultimately lead to their demise.

Melodrama

The word melodrama is coined from melo (music) and dran (drama). It is, therefore, a play that utilises music extensively. But the utilisation of music is not the only factor in melodrama, what really makes it melodrama, is its portrayal of the protagonist and the antagonist. The protagonist suffers a lot, but triumphs in the end, while the antagonist suffers, so melodrama can be defined as a play that has serious action caused by a villain and a destruction of the villain which brings about a happy resolution in the play.

Tragic-Comedy 

We have seen that tragedy is a serious play that ends on a sad - note while comedy ends happily. In traditional tragedy, playwrights were not allowed to bring in any comic action. In Oedipus Rex, for instance, we will observe that the atmosphere is tense from the beginning to the end. As time went on, even from the Elizabethan period, comic characters were included in tragic plays. This is called 'comic relief'. Tragic-comedy is a play that mixes both comic and tragic elements in equal proportion. It therefore elicits both tragic and comic emotions. In these plays, the characters take on tragedy with humour in bringing serious situations to happy endings.

Farce

Farce, which is referred to as comedy of situation, is a humorous play on a trivial theme, usually one that is familiar to the audience. The themes that are treated in farce include mistaken identity, elaborate misunderstanding, switched costume (men in women's clothes) heroes forced under tables, misheard instructions, discoveries, disappearances and many such situations. it presents physical activities that grow out of situations. Farce does not treat serious social issues.

Opera

This versatile genre of drama combines theatre, dialogue, music and dance to tell grand stories of tragedy or comedy. Since characters express their feelings and intentions through song rather than dialogue, performers must be both skilled actors and singers. The decidedly tragic La Boheme by Giacomo Puccini and the bawdy comedy Falstaff by Giuseppe Verdi are classic examples of opera.

What would a membership mean and will it benefit NATO as well?

What would a membership mean and will it benefit NATO as well?

Being a member of NATO will give the nations a security guarantee under the alliance’s “Article 5” on collective defence. The article essentially guarantees a military response and protection by NATO countries if any member of the organisation comes under attack.