Figures of Speech

The following are the major Figures of Speech:

 1. Simile—Simile is a Figure of Speech in which a comparison is made between two objects of different kinds which have, however, at least one point in common. The comparison is expressed by using words like ‘as’ or ‘like’ or ‘so’.

 2. Metaphor—“A Metaphor is a condensed form of simile in which comparison between two different objects is shown without the use of such words as like, as or so.” (Wren)

 3. Personification—“In Personification, inanimate objects and abstract notions are spoken of as having life or intelligence.” (Wren)

 4. Hyperbole—“In Hyperbole a statement is made emphatic by over statement.” (Wren)

 5. Onomatopoeia—“Onomatopoeia is that artifice of language by which the sound of words is made to suggest or echo the sense.” (Nesfield) 

6. Apostrophe—“An Apostrophe is a direct address to the dead, to the absent, or to a personified object or idea.” (Wren) 

7. Oxymoron—“Oxymoron is a special form of antithesis whereby two contradictory qualities are predicted at once of the same thing.” (Wren) 

8. Alliteration—“Alliteration consists in the repetition of the same sound or syllable at the beginning of two or more words.” (Nesfield) 

9. Irony—“Irony is a mode of speech in which the real meaning is exactly the opposite of that which is literally conveyed.’ (Wren)

 10. Pun—“This cosists in a play on the various meanings of a word, and is seldom used except as a joke.” (Nesfield) 

11. Metonymy—“In Metonymy, an object is designated by the name of something which is generally associated with it.” (Wren) 

12. Synecdoche—“In Synecdoche, a part is used to designate the whole, or the whole to designate a part.” (Wren) 

13. Antithesis—“In Antithesis, a striking opposition or contrast of words or sentiments is made in the same sentence. It is employed to secure emphasis.” (Wren) 

14. Transferred Epithet—“In this figure, an epithet is transferred from its proper word to another that is closely associated with it in the sentence.” (Wren) 

Important IPC sections

• Section 34 -acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention

• Section 120-B criminal conspiracy) 

•  124-A -sedition

• Section 153A -promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, entailing a maximum punishment of five years.

• Section 153B relates to imputations, assertions prejudicial to national-integration.

• Sections 295A - deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs

• Section 302 in The Indian Penal Code
  302. Punishment for murder.—Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death, or 1[imprisonment for life], and shall also be liable to fine.

• Section 307 -attempt to murder 

• Section 312 of the IPC, a person who “voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry” is liable for punishment, attracting a jail term of up to three years or fine or both, unless it was done in good faith where the purpose was to save the life of the pregnant woman. 
  

• Section 313 of the IPC states that a person who causes the miscarriage without the consent of the pregnant woman, whether or not she is the in the advanced stages of her pregnancy, shall be punished with life imprisonment or a jail term that could extend to 10 years, as well as a fine.
  

• Section 326 -causing hurt with dangerous weapon

• Sections 406- criminal breach of trust

• Section 420 -cheating

 

• Section 500 defines the punishment for defamation, 

• Section 506- criminal intimidation

•  Section 370 -human trafficking

• Section 3/25 Arms Act

• Sections 354A -sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment) 

• Section 354C -voyeurism

• Section 354D provides that any man who monitors the use by a woman of the internet, email or any other form of electronic communication with malintent, commits the offence of stalking.Under this provision, the punishment may extend to five years of imprisonment with fine, in the case of second or subsequent conviction.

• Section 509  addresses the offence of word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.

•  Section 342 wrongful confinement 

• Section 376 (2k) rape on a woman incapable of giving consent.

• Section 376 (2n) causing grievous bodily harm during rape. 

• Section 376 (c) (a) and 377 unnatural offence. 

Realme C30, a low-cost smartphone with a starting price of Rs. 7,499 lunched in India

In the Indian smartphone industry, Realme just introduced a new entry-level model. The latest gadget is the Realme C30, a low-cost smartphone with a starting price of Rs. 7,499 and features like a Unisoc T612 chipset, a 5,000mAh battery, and an 88.7% screen-to-body ratio.

You can find all the information you need about the Realme C30 below, including its internal specs, cost, and other specifics.

A 6.5-inch screen with a 20:9 aspect ratio, an 88.7% screen-to-body ratio, and HD+ (720 x 1600 pixels) quality is included with the Realme C30. The phone is equipped with a Unisoc T612 1.82GHz CPU, up to 3GB of RAM, and 32GB of UFS 2.2 storage.

Specification 

A single 8MP back camera with an LED flash is also included with the Realme C30. Added features like HDR are supported by this back camera. A 5MP front camera for selfies and video calls is also included in the phone.

Additionally, the phone has an SD card slot that supports up to 1TB of external storage. A microUSB connector, a 3.5mm headphone jack, Bluetooth 5.0, and 4G LTE connectivity are other features. The gadget also has a 5,000mAh battery.

Price and availability 

Pricing and availability for the Realme C30

Priced at Rs 7,499 for the 2GB RAM variant and Rs 8,299 for the 3GB RAM variant is the Realme C30. There are two colour options for the phone: Lake Blue and Bamboo Green.

What is the Bharat Gaurav Scheme, and how does it work?

In November 2021, the Indian Railways made a landmark decision by allowing private companies to conduct theme-based Bharat Gaurav trains to promote India's rich cultural history and historical sites to Indians and visitors from around the world. To conduct theme-based trains, the initiative will tap into the expertise of tourism specialists. The plan is comparable to the IRCTC's theme-based tourist trains, like the Ramayana Express, which takes passengers on a tour of many locations associated with Lord Ram.

What is the mechanism behind it?

As part of a particular tourism package, any operator can lease trains from Indian Railways to run on a theme-based circuit. The route, halts, services supplied, and, most crucially, the tariff is all up to the operator. A prospective service provider must register to put a demand for a rake of Bharat Gaurav trains in order to use them. The train can be entrusted to the service provider for a minimum of two years and a maximum of up to the remaining life of the coaches. The rake must include a minimum of 14 coaches and a maximum of 20 coaches, including at least two SLRs (Guard Vans). The locomotive and guard will be provided by the railways.

The Bharat Gaurav scheme is significant in two ways. First, it allows private companies with domain knowledge in the tourism sector to operate these special trains. Previously, the IRCTC was responsible for this. The second benefit is that Railways receives additional revenue from a new line of business. This might open the way for increased privatisation of freight and passenger train operations.

Some see the idea as a boon to people who want to visit the country's many tourist attractions. Some, however, see this plan as the first big step toward privatising the railways, which officials dispute. A group of Railway personnel held a demonstration at the city railway station after the first train was flagged off in Coimbatore.

What is lightning?

Lightning is a rapid and huge discharge of electricity in the atmosphere, part of which is directed towards the ground, according to science. The discharges are caused by massive moisture-bearing clouds that reach a height of 10-12 kilometres. The bottom of these clouds is usually within 1-2 kilometres of the Earth's surface, while the top is 12-13 kilometres away. Temperatures in the top of these clouds are in the range of –35° to –45°C.

The dropping temperature causes water vapour to condense as it goes upward in the cloud. The water droplets turn into little ice crystals as the temperature drops below 0°C. They continue to rise, accumulating mass until they are so heavy that they begin to plummet to Earth. This results in a system in which smaller ice crystals move up and larger crystals move down at the same time.

Collisions cause the release of electrons, a process that is remarkably similar to the formation of electrical sparks. A chain reaction occurs as the moving free electrons produce more collisions and more electrons. As a result of this process, the cloud's top layer becomes positively charged, while the middle layer becomes negatively charged.

The difference in electrical potential between the two layers is enormous, on the order of a billion to ten billion volts. A large current, on the scale of 100,000 to a million amperes, begins to flow between the layers in a very short period.

The Earth is electrically neutral, despite being a good conductor of electricity. However, when compared to the cloud's central layer, it becomes positively charged. As a result, roughly 15 percent to 20% of the current is also directed towards the Earth. The destruction of life and property on Earth is caused by this current movement.

Direct lightning hits are uncommon, but given the enormous amount of energy involved, even indirect impacts can be devastating.